Gagne’s Nine Events of Instruction
by Betsy Swain
February 2015
National University EDT 605
Dr. Denise Tolbert
by Betsy Swain
February 2015
National University EDT 605
Dr. Denise Tolbert
Gagne’s
Nine Events of Instruction are “external events that help learning occur, and
are designed to achieve each of the five different learning outcomes.” (ICELS
2015) Gagne believes there are two
types of learning: internal and external. “Internal conditions are
transformed during the learning process. External conditions include different
stimulus’s that exist outside the learner such as the environment, the teacher
and the learning situation. Gagne’s theory includes the five categories of
learning outcomes and the nine events of instruction: intellectual skills,
verbal information, cognitive strategies, motor skills, and attitudes.” (ICELS
2015)
This model follows the behaviorism
and cognitivism instructional models. According to Wiki, the behaviorism model can be defined
as “observable events, organization of information, and a change in external
behavior through repetition;” and the cognitivism model as “conscious and unconscious,
concrete versus abstract, and using existing knowledge to generate new
knowledge.” There are nine steps that are useful and guide teachers when
presenting new knowledge to students, providing students with practice that
includes feedback, and providing learner guidance to each student. I believe
the National University Lesson Plan Outline follows the Gagne’s Nine Events of
Instruction. If you are familiar with the lesson plan, you will understand
Gagne’s theory.
1.
Gain Attention—The teacher will have the
students click on a brief video using YouTube to focus the students’ attention
2.
Inform Learners of Objectives—The teacher will
have a picture of a target on the top of every assignment page to allow
students time to organize their thoughts and prepare for the new learning. Next
to the target icon will display the objective that states, “I can ____.”
3.
Stimulate recall of prior learning—The teacher
will utilize Voki to visually reactivate prior knowledge. Voki is an online
presentation software program that utilizes an avatar that can look like the
teacher and presents information orally and visually.
4.
Present the content—The teacher will select the
content to teach by using a variety of resources such as podcasts, multimedia,
and YouTube.
5.
Provide learning guidance—The teacher will
provide students with explicit or implicit instructions to limit student
distractions and help understand concepts by providing an online rubric through
Rubistar.com.
6.
Elicit performance/practice—The teacher will
assign a Microsoft Word, PowerPoint, or Prezi assignment that allows students
to apply their knowledge of the new information.
7.
Provide feedback—The teacher will provide
feedback to all students on assignments, assessments, online discussion forums,
and will provide a closure activity for students to reflect on their own
learning.
8.
Assess performance—The teacher will use rubrics,
assessments, quizzes, and peer-evaluations to discuss objectives and standards
not mastered by each student.
9.
Enhance retention and transfer the job—The
teacher will pose a higher-level thinking question to an online discussion
forum and have students apply information from student’s personal perspectives
to increase retention.
References
Behaviorism. Retrieved February 12, 2015 from en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/behaviorism
Cognitive Psychology. Retrieved February 12, 2015 from
International Centre for Educators Learning Styles (ICELS).
Robert Gagne’s Five Categories of
Learning
Outcomes and the Nine Events of Instruction. Retrieved February 11, 2015 from
University of Florida Center for Instructional Technology
and Training. Gagne’s 9 Events of
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